Voz pasiva - Passive voice

Como en español, la voz pasiva se forma con el verbo 'to be' (ser) y el participio pasado.

Primero recuerda que la voz activa y la voz pasiva son dos maneras de presentar la misma situación enfocándola desde perspectivas diferentes. En el caso de la voz activa, nos interesa la persona responsable de la acción (el sujeto es quien ejecuta la acción de la oración) = S +V+ C. En cambio, usamos la voz pasiva cuando queremos dar más importancia a la acción y el sujeto pasa a ser objeto o parte del complemento de la oración.

Para expresarse al estilo de voz pasiva se requiere usar la estructura:

SUJETO     +   VERBO TO BE + VERBO EN PASADO PARTICIPIO  + COMPLEMENTO

(quien fuese   (en cualquier       (tercera columna de las listas        (dá más información 

el objeto en     tiempo )              de verbos que ya conoces)              o se usa "by" para 

oración                                                                                                      indicar quien 

activa)                                                                                                                lo hizo)

Ejemplos:

                                                                          

A Chinese factory manufactures these phones. (active)
These phones are manufactured in China.  (passive)
These phones are manufactured by a Chinese factory (passive)

My mom will bake a cake for my birthday (active)
A cake for my birthday will be baked by my mom. (pasive)

¿Cuándo usamos la voz pasiva?

La voz pasiva se utiliza para mostrar interés por la persona o cosa que es objeto de una acción, en lugar de la persona o cosa que realiza dicha acción. Dicho de otro modo, la persona o cosa (usualmente sujeto en la oración) pasa a ser el objeto de la oración (en el complemento o predicado).

 ¿Te parece un trabalenguas? No te asustes, aquí te lo explicamos paso a paso.

Puedes ver muchos ejemplos de la voz pasiva en los periódicos y el lenguaje académico, es menos frecuente en forma oral.

Es importante comprender la voz pasiva cuando estás leyendo, sino puedes tener dificultades para interpretar algo que está expresado con voz pasiva y no activa. ¿Creemos en español que los angloparlantes hablan al revés?

 1) Usamos la voz pasiva cuando no sabemos quien ha realizado la acción. Ejemplos:
 A civilian has been killed.(Un civil ha sido asesinado.)
The car was stolen.(El coche fue robado.)
The bank was robbed ( El banco fue robado)


2) Usamos la voz pasiva cuando queremos dar más importancia a lo que pasó, que a quién realizó la acción, o cuando no queremos decir quien la realizó.
 Ejemplos:
The passive voice is used frequently.  (nos interesa la voz pasiva, no quién la usa.)
The house was built in 1654.  (nos interesa la casa, no quién la construyó.)
The road is being repaired.  (nos interesa la carretera, no quién la está arreglando.)
The letter was delivered yesterday.  (La carta fue entregada ayer, no importa quien lo hizo.)
A mistake was made.  (Un error fue cometido sin mencionar quien lo hizo.)


3) La voz pasiva se suele utilizar cuando se desconoce o no interesa mencionar quién o qué hace la acción. Cuando es obvio o no importa quien lo hizo. Es más normal encontrar en español formas con ‘se’, por ejemplo: ‘se habla’, ‘se alquila’ o verbos en plural como ‘venden’, ‘compran’.

Ejemplos:
New Teachers are being hired in the School.
Old books are bought.
Spanish is spoken here

Más ejemplos:
When was this house built?  (¿Cuando se construyó ( fue construida) ésta casa?)
A lot of songs have been written about love (Se han escrito muchas canciones sobre el amor)
My wallet has been stolen.  (Ha sido robada mi cartera.)
The room will be cleaned while we are out. (Se limpiará la habitación mientras estemos fuera.)

A = Active Voice        P = Passive Voice

 Australians speak English. A
 English is spoken in Australia. P

 Scientists are discovering new planets every day. A
 New planets are being discovered every day P
.
 Businesses are creating new jobs every month. A
 New jobs are being created every month. P

 Mr Thompson has sold seven cars this month. A
 Seven cars have been sold this month. P


4) Si queremos decir quién o qué realiza la acción en una construcción en pasiva, empleamos la preposición "by". Estas construcciones nos pueden parecer "raras", por lo tanto cuando sabemos quién realizó la acción y el sujeto nos interesa, siempre es mejor optar por la voz activa (S+V+C).
 "A Hard Day's Night" was written by the Beatles. P
The Beatles wrote "A Hard Day's Night". A

The movie ET was directed by Spielberg. P
Spielberg directed the movie ET. A

This house was built by my father. P
My father built this house. A

En resumen, recuerda que para transformar una oración activa a pasiva debes tener en cuenta los siguientes puntos:

 1. El objeto de la oración activa pasa a ser el sujeto de la pasiva.
 2. El verbo principal se sustituye por el auxiliar “to be”, en su mismo tiempo, junto al verbo principal en participio. La voz pasiva aplica en cualquier tiempo gramatical (ANY GRAMMAR TENSE).
 3. El sujeto de la oración principal pasa a ser complemento de la pasiva.
 4. Si hacemos mención en la oración del sujeto que realiza la acción (sujeto agente), este irá normalmente precedido por la preposición “by”.

AQUI: CLICK para ejercicios en voz pasiva. Ingés online @ejerciciosinglesonline.com


NOTA:  El infinitivo en la voz pasiva se emplea detrás de los verbos modales y de la mayoría de los verbos que normalmente van seguidos de infinitivo.
 EJEMPLOS
You have to be tested on your English grammar.
John might be promoted next year.
She wants to be invited to the party.
I expect to be surprised on my birthday.
You may be disappointed.

El "ing" en la voz pasiva se utiliza después de las preposiciones y verbos que normalmente van seguidos de "ing".
EJEMPLOS
The children are excited about being taken to the zoo.
Most film stars hate being interviewed.
Poodles like being pampered.

GRAMMAR TENSES IN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Ejemplos en la prensa escrita:

The city was flooded
Taxes are lowered.
Great damage was done.
The fire was coused by a teenager.

 AQUI. CLICK. Para ejercicios con la voz pasiva en inglés. @VITUTOR.COM




¡Atrévete!
Intenta resolver el siguiente ejercicio en tu cuaderno de estudio o cualquier hojita. Luego en la sección de comentarios mas abajo hablaremos de las respuestas correctas. Recuerda: la voz pasiva se forma con Verbo to be + verbo pasado participio. Detecta cuidadosamente en cual tiempo gramatical se está hablando.

 En ocasiones, la voz pasiva se forma utilizando los verbos "to get" o "to have" en lugar del verbo "to be". Este punto será tratado en una entrada aparte.

¿Te gustó esta clase? COMENTA Y COMPARTE PARA QUE OTROS TAMBIÉN

COMPRENDA EL USO DE LA VOZ PASIVA EN INGLÉS 👇

Vocabulary: fútbol - football - soccer

Vocabulario football - soccer - fútbol  

FIFA World Cup

Comenzó la fiebre del fútbol en este año. Te felicitamos porque no solo te entretienes con los juegos, sino que puedes seguir aprendiendo palabras nuevas en inglés, además expresiones en noticieros y programas deportivos. Esfuérzate en ver canales de habla inglesa o leer prensa en inglés y verás grandes resultados en tu aprendizaje.

1) A match:  two teams playing against each other in a 90-minute game of football.

2) A referee:  the person who makes sure that the players follow the rules. Normally wears a black shirt and shorts, and has a whistle

3) A linesman (referee's assistant): the person whose main duty it is to indicate with a flag when the ball has gone out of play or when a player is offside.

4) A goalkeeper:  the player in goal who has to stop the ball from crossing the goal line. The only player who is allowed to handle the ball during open play.

5) A defender:  a player who plays in the part of the football team which tries to prevent the other team from scoring goals, e.g. 'Kolo Touré is a defender and plays in defence for Arsenal and Ivory Coast'.

6) A midfielder: a player who plays mainly in the middle part of the pitch (or midfield), e.g. Michael Essien is a midfielder and plays in midfield for Chelsea and Ghana.

7) An attacker also called a forward; a player whose duty it is to score goals, e.g. Samuel Eto'o is an attacker and plays in attack for Barcelona and Cameroon.

8) A substitute:  a player who sits on the bench ready to replace another team-mate on the pitch. Can also be used as a verb, e.g. the manager was not happy with his attacker and substituted him after 60 minutes.

9) A manager:  the person in charge of a team and responsible for training, new players and transfers. For example, Alex Ferguson is the manager of Manchester United.

10) A foul: a violation of the rules. For example, if a player other than the goalkeeper handles the ball in the penalty box (or penalty area) it is a foul and a penalty is given to the other team.

11) A booking:  a yellow card shown to a player by the referee for a serious foul. Two bookings or yellow cards result in a red card or sending-off.

12)  Full-time:The point of the game when the referee blows the final whistle and the match is over. Normally after 90 minutes and any added injury or stoppage.

13) Time injury: time also called stoppage time, added minutes at the end of the regular playing time at half-time or full-time. Entirely at the referee's discretion and normally indicated by an official on the sideline (or touchline).
Extra time: if a match has no winner at full-time, 2 x 15 minutes of extra time may be played in some competitions.

14) The final score: is the result that decides who has won the match . Can also be used as a verb, e.g. the attacker scored a beautiful goal to concede to allow a goal in, the opposite of scoring a goal. For example, Ghana conceded only four goals in the World Cup qualifying group 2

15) A goal:  a successful attempt at scoring achieved by putting the ball over the goal line into the goal past the goalkeeper. For example, Gyan Asamoah has scored a beautiful goal for Ghana.

16) An own goal:  a goal scored accidentally by a member of the defending team that counts in favour of the attacking team the lead when a team scores first it is "in the lead", i.e. winning the match at the point of scoring. For example, Fabrice Akwa's early goal gave Angola the lead after 72 minutes but the final score was 1-1 (one all).

 17) An equaliser:  a goal that cancels out the opposing team's lead and leaves the match tied or drawn. Can also be used as a verb, e.g. Marouan Chamakh equalised for Morocco after 40 minutes and brought the score level.

18) To win a match in which a team is victorious and beats the other team. A win normally gives the winning team three points, the losing team does not get any points. More commonly used as a verb, e.g. Brazil won the World Cup in 2002 a draw a match that ends in a tie, i.e. has no winner or loser. The teams get one point each for a draw. Can also be used as a verb, e.g. Congo drew 0-0 (nil all) with Senegal in June a defeat

19) A match that is lost, the opposite of a win. For example, Sudan suffered a home defeat to Zambia in September 2002.

20) To knock out:  to eliminate another team from a competition. For example, in the last World Cup Brazil knocked out England in the quarter-finals a penalty shoot-out in a knock-out competition.

21) A penalty shoot-out takes place if a match is a draw after full-time or extra-time. Five players from each team take a penalty each, and if the score is still level after that, one player from each team takes a penalty in turn, in order to decide who wins the match a goal difference If team A has scored four goals and team B one, the goal difference is three a head-to-head a way of deciding which team is ranked higher if two teams are level (or equal) on points. For example, if teams A and B both have six points, but team A beats team B in the head-to-head game, team A will be ranked above team B in play-off an extra match to decide which of two or more teams should go through to the next round. For example, Australia beat Uruguay on penalties in a play-off to qualify for the World Cup 2006.


22) To kick: to hit something, or somebody, with your foot. In football, the players kick the ball.

23) To shoot: to kick the ball towards the net at one end of the pitch (the goal) in an attempt to score a goal.

24) The kick-off :  the first kick of the game when two players from the same team in the centre circle play the ball and start the match. Also, the first kick after half-time or after a goal has been scored.

25) A goal-kick: a kick taken from the 6-yard line by the defending team after the ball has been put over the goal line by the attacking team.

26) A free-kick: the kick awarded to a team by the referee after a foul has been committed against it.

27) A penalty: a free shot at goal from 12 yards (11 metres or the penalty spot) awarded by the referee to a team after a foul has been committed in the penalty area.

28) A corner: a kick from the corner flag awarded to the attacking team when the ball has crossed the gaol-line (or by line) after last being touched by a player of the defending team.

29) A throw-in: a throw is taken from the sideline (or touchline) after the ball has gone out of play. The only time a player can handle the ball without committing a foul.

30)  Offside: is a position which is not allowed by the rules of the game, i.e. when an attacking player is closer to the opposing team's goal-line at the moment the ball is passed to him or her than the last defender.

31) A skipper: the player who leads a team, also called the captain.

Lo que leerás en la prensa y escucharás de comentaristas deportivos:

 1) One-touch football:   an often admiring reference to a style of football in which a team can pass the ball quickly from one player to another without the need to control it with more than one touch,   the long-ball game an often disapproving reference to a style of football in which a team prefers.

2) To play long balls: in the hope that an attacking player will get them, flick them on or score keep possession to be able to keep the ball and prevent the opposing team from touching it.

3)  "lose possession" or "give the ball away" they are dangerous on the counter-attack referring to a team that can switch quickly from defence to attack and score goals in that way put eleven men behind the ball referring to a team that defends with all the players and is not very interested in scoring goals. For example, many visiting teams put eleven men behind the ball and are happy with a 0-0 draw when they play Real Madrid at the Bernabéu stadium.

4) Send the keeper the wrong way refers to the way in which a player can fool the goalkeeper and pretend to shoot at one side of the goal while the ball goes in another direction. This expression is used often during penalties a clinical finish refers to a well-placed, controlled shot from a scoring position that ends in a goal. For example, Tunisia's Hatem Trabelsi controlled the pass and scored with.

5) They are strong in the air:  referring to a team that has a lot of (tall) players who can head the ball very well. As a result, they are strong in the air, may prefer the long-ball game, and score a lot of goals with headers while not conceding any or many headed goals themselves.

6) They have a big physical presence:  referring to a team that has a lot of big and physically strong players and, as a result, prefers a very robust style of play. For example, Bolton Wanderers have a big physical presence and are a difficult team to beat in the Premiership the goalkeeper.



7) Is quick off his/her line referring to a goalkeeper who is fast and makes quick (and normally correct) decisions as to when to leave the goal in order to prevent an attacking player from reaching a pass or cross that shot stung.

8) The goalkeeper's palms:  referring to a shot on a goal that is so hard that the goalkeeper might well have felt pain when he/she stopped it with his/her hands.

9) A prolific goal scorer referring to a player, normally a striker, who scores or has scored a lot of goals. For example, Henrik Larsson is a prolific goal scorer for Sweden 

10) The foul earned him/her a suspension referring to a foul that is punished by a yellow or red card and results in the player being banned from playing in the next game(s). For example, the two-footed tackle earned the defender a suspension and he will miss the next game.

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